Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Health Promotion for Current Knowledge -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theHealth Promotion for Current Knowledge andApplicability. Answer: The current post has been enlightening as it talked about the multidimensional parts of patient support in social insurance conveyance. From the post, it has been noticed that the meaning of inclusion is diverse in various fields, for example, humanism and political theory. In the clinical area, the terms inclusion, cooperation and association are utilized reciprocally. There are various translations of the impression of patient inclusion, as showed in the post. I concur with the conclusion that commitments settled on by patients in the huge dynamic procedure in medicinal services are imperative, as they empower better quality consideration conveyance. In the current time, the patient commitment is being seen as a political need in various countries, which I feel is advocated. As indicated by Longtin et al., (2010) quiet investment and inclusion is an unpredictable procedure emerging from the idea of buyers right to security. As I would like to think, understanding cooperation over the most recent couple of years has expanded significantly and now it is perceived as an essential component of human services forms. The dynamic procedure and the treatment of incessant ailment are less perplexing at present because of patient inclusion. Tolerant cooperation shapes a vital piece of the suggestions set forward by associations that emphasis on progress of patient security. Exploration has investigated the adequacy and fundamental standards of patie nt interest in the dynamic procedure. In light of the standards of patient association, a reasonable system can be developed for better quality consideration conveyance. It is recommended that quiet cooperation is to be utilized as an apparatus for forestalling clinical blunders and proposing diverse particular plans for research (Blixen et al. 2018). References Blixen, C., Sajatovic, M., Moore, D.J., Depp, C., Cushman, C., Cage, J., Barboza, M., Eskew, L., Klein, P. also, Levin, J.B., 2018. Tolerant support in the advancement of a redid m-Health mediation to improve drug adherence in ineffectively disciple people with bipolar confusion (BD) and hypertension (HTN).International Journal of Healthcare,4(1), p.25. Longtin, Y., Sax, H., Leape, L. L., Sheridan, S. E., Donaldson, L., and Pittet, D. 2010. Tolerant Participation: Current Knowledge and Applicability to Patient Safety.Mayo Clinic Proceedings,85(1), pp. 5362.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Rise of Fascism

Since quite a while ago Run Equilibrium Essay Example Since quite a while ago Run Equilibrium Essay Since quite a while ago Run Equilibrium Essay Over the long haul, a firm in the totally serious market can win just ordinary benefit. Along these lines, the benefit boost under since quite a while ago run is: (1)Necessary condition P=LMR=LAR=LMC=LAC (2)Sufficient condition Slope of MC gt; Slope of MR We can build up this condition from the accompanying examination. In the above chart at any market cost OP1 the current firms can procure supernormal benefit with respect to the balance yield level OQ1. The normal expense of creation . I. e. , OQ1 lt; OP1.This supernormal benefit pulls in new sections in this market and thus the market flexibly bend shifts towards right to SM3SM3 and the market value tumbles to the level OP0. At the point when the market value tumbles to OP0 which is not exactly the normal expense of this firm; for this harmony yield level OQ0 then the current firm acquire misfortunes. Subsequently a few firms quickly leave the market and the market gracefully bend shifts towards left. This procedure proceeds and at last the current firm arrives at the flexibly bend SM2SM2.For which the market harmony cost is OPE is simply equivalent to the normal expense of creation of the balance yield level OQE , so here the current firms are winning just typical benefit . in this way, here neither new sections are pulled in into the market nor any of the current firm demonstrates inclination to leave. Along these lines, this is the balance condition where firms are acquiring just typical benefit I. e. , simply taking care of the normal expense of creation. So here we can see the essential condition incorporates this base condition * Necessary condition =P=LMR=LAR=LMC=LAC * And adequate condition =Slope of MC gt; Slope of MR.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Microsoft Windows Essays - Computer Architecture, Computing

Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows (or just Windows ) is a metafamily of graphical working frameworks created, showcased, and sold by Microsoft . It comprises of a few groups of working frameworks, every one of which oblige a specific area of the figuring business with the OS commonly connected with IBM PC perfect engineering. Dynamic Windows families incorporate Windows NT , Windows Embedded and Windows Phone ; these may include subfamilies, for example Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server . Old Windows families incorporate Windows 9x ; Windows 10 Mobile is a functioning item, irrelevant to the ancient amily Windows Mobile . Microsoft presented a working domain named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical working framework shell for MS-DOS because of the developing enthusiasm for graphical UIs (GUIs). ] Microsoft Windows came to rule the world's (PC) advertise with over 90% piece of the overall industry , surpassing Mac OS , which had been presented in 1984. Apple came to consider Windows to be an unreasonable infringement on their advancement in GUI improvement as executed on items, for example, the Lisa and Macintosh (in the long run settled in court in support of Microsoft in 1993). On PCs, Windows is as yet the most famous working framework. Be that as it may, in 2014, Microsoft conceded losing most of the general working framework market to Android , [5] in light of the huge development in deals of Android cell phones . In 2014, the quantity of Windows gadgets sold were under 25% of Android gadgets sold. This correlations, notwithstanding, may not be completely significant as the two working f rameworks customarily focused on various stages. As of September 2016, the latest rendition of Windows for PCs, tablets , cell phones and implanted gadgets is Windows 10 . The latest renditions for server PCs is Windows Server 2016 . A particular form of Windows runs on the Xbox One game reassure . Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows Windows OS,computeroperating system(OS) created by Microsoft Corporationto runpersonal computers(PCs). Including the main HYPERLINK https://www.britannica.com/innovation/graphical-UI graphical client interface(GUI) forIBM-perfect PCs, the Windows OS before long commanded the PC advertise. Roughly 90 percent of PCs run some adaptation of Windows. The main variant of Windows, discharged in 1985, was basically a GUI offered as an augmentation of Microsoft's current plate working framework, or HYPERLINK https://www.britannica.com/innovation/MS-DOS MS-DOS. Situated to a limited extent on authorized ideas thatApple Inc.had utilized for its Macintosh System Software, Windows just because permitted DOS clients to outwardly explore a virtual work area, opening graphical windows showing the substance of electronic organizers and records with the snap of a mousebutton, instead of composing orders and catalog ways at a book brief. Resulting adaptations presented more prominent usefulness, including local Windows File Manager, Program Manager, and Print Manager programs, and a more dynamicinterface. Microsoft additionally created particular Windows bundles, including the networkable Windows for Workgroups and the powerful Windows NT, focused on organizations. The 1995 shopper discharge Windows 95 completely incorporated Windows and DOS and offered manufactured inInternetsupport, including theWorld Wide Webbrowser Internet Explorer. With the 2001 arrival of HYPERLINK https://www.britannica.com/subject/Windows-XP Windows XP, Microsoft joined its different Windows bundles under a solitary standard, offering various releases for customers, organizations, interactive media engineers, and others. Windows XP surrendered the since a long time ago utilized Windows 95 bit (center programming code) for an all the more impressive code base and offered an increasingly down to earth interface and improved application and memory the board. The exceptionally fruitful XP standard was prevailing in late 2006 byWindows Vista, which encountered an upset rollout and met with significant commercial center opposition, rapidly getting a notoriety for being a huge, slow, and asset expending framework. Reacting to Vista's disillusioning reception rate, Microsoft created HYPERLINK https://www.britannica.com/point/Windows-7 Windows 7, an OS whose interface was like that of Vista however was met with energy for its observable speed improve ment and its unassuming framework prerequisites. Ref: https://www.britannica.com/innovation/Windows-OS

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Effects On Children - 2750 Words

Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Effects On Children (Coursework Sample) Content: Autism Spectrum DisorderStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationIntroduction and Main Cause of ASDAutism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental defect that usually develop in the early childhood of a person especially within 36 month onset. It is usually characterized by impairment in communication skills both verbal and nonverbal, impairment in social interaction and also makes one to have stereotyped interests, activities and behaviors. According to the research conducted by Centre for Disease Control, it shows that one in every one hundred and ten children suffer from autism spectrum disorder, although there is no clear answer on what causes it. The term spectrum is used to describe a variety of severity and range people with ASD suffer from. The terms that were previously used to describe ASD include Aspergers disorder, Austin disorder and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD mostly appears within the first three years of a child which makes a child to develop abnormality in brain development (Lord, C., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, 2013).The main cause of Austin spectrum disorder is not known currently. However, recent studies has shown that genetic factors may be one of the causes of ASD. Different types of genes may play a role in ASD development in a child, although the specific genes that causes ASD are yet to be identified. Also, a range of studies that has so far been conducted shows that 10 percent to 37 percent of cases of ASD is associated with some form of medical conditions such as tuberous sclerosis among others. Diagnosis for ASD is based on the observation of behavioral patterns that a child may develop. There is no diagnostic laboratory and genetic screening for ASD patients (Lord, C., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, 2013).Symptoms of Autism Spectrum DisorderImpairment of social interaction may be one of the symptom of ASD. Such impairment may include aloofness and inability to create friendship, ability to engage socially with others despite looking for People Company, being avoidant especially when maintaining eye contact and having difficulty in comprehending social rules such as making comments that are embarrassing. Also, one may develop repetitive interaction while engaging with others(Pilarski, A, 2015).Impairment of communication and play may be another symptom. A child may develop abnormal development and delay of speech. He/she may not even show nonverbal communication such as use of gestures and mime. Also, difficulty in starting and maintaining communication, lack of imitating others and stereotype use of language may be symptom that one suffering from ASD may develop.Repetitive or restricted activities and interest may also be a symptom of ASD. A child may develop interests that are unusual, excessively intense and narrow. He/she may adhere to rigid routine and may develop intolerance of change. Also, frequent preoccupation with unwanted objects may be the repetitive symptom. Development of stereotyp ed motor mannerism such as continuous hand clapping may be a sign of such symptom. (Pilarski, A, 2015).Borderline or normal intellectual ability may also be one of the symptom of ASD. This may be associated by clumsiness, lack of use of common sense, anxiety and precocious speech development. Also one may develop better verbal that lacks any form of nonverbal skills.Other commonly associated symptoms include intellectual disability which occur in almost 70 percent of people suffering from ASD. Epilepsy is usually common and can develop at any stage of growth of a person with ASD. One can also develop unusual sensory responses such as tactile sensation, fascination with rotating objects and intolerance to foodstuffs. They may also develop disorders to do with their behaviors such as angry outbursts, interact well with only those they know well, sleep problems and anxiety due to overstimulation(Pilarski, A, 2015).DiagnosisThe diagnosis of ASD is very essential especially to the child that is developing and growing. This makes it easy for early intervention and educational programs to be planned. Also, early diagnosis makes a person to be facilitated with support services and get access to specialist.ASD is diagnosed using an easement that comprises of meeting and regular observation with the person, their family and other service providers. Data is gathered on individuals difficulties and strengths especially in areas of communication and social interaction, and finally repetitive and restricted interests, behaviors and activities. Information can be obtained from the use of questionnaires and through administering standardized tests. ASD is often diagnosed in the early stage of a child but assessments can be conducted at any stage. Psychologists, pediatricians and psychologists with qualified experience are the one who are commonly used to asses and diagnose people with ASD (Pilarski, A, 2015).It has been found out that children suffering from ASD can be diagno sed as early as two years since they can develop symptoms that can be seen in their first year of development. The average set year for diagnosis is usually three years. The assessment can be conducted by use of either American Psychiatric Association Manual IV, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule used in Australia, the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases WHO ICD-10 criteria are commonly used methods. Diagnosis process usually involves identifying either one or more defects across the areas of development. In order for a child to qualify for ASD diagnosis, he/she must meet not less than two criteria in social reciprocity, that is, one in communication, and repetitive and restricted interests and behaviors and satisfy six or more criteria across the three areas (Pilarski, A, 2015).Specifiers- the severity of specifiers may be applied to describe succinctly the symptom tomato logy currently experienced with an ASD patient, with recognition that severi ty vary from one person to another and often fluctuate with time. Severity of repetitive behaviors, communication difficulties and restrictions should be rated separately (Pilarski, A, 2015).Deficits in using nonverbal communication are clearly seen by atypical, reduced or absent use of eye contact, body orientation, gestures, speech among others. This sign can be used to diagnose an ASD person.Also, deficits in maintaining, developing and understanding relations should always be judged against gender, culture and age for ASD persons. For instant, an ASD person may develop rejection of other people, choose to prefer one gender or people of specific age(Pilarski, A, 2015).Apart from that, deficits in socio-emotional ferocity are seen clearly in young children with ASD. They may seem to show negligible or no any social interaction with others and they may also tend to show no sharing emotions. (Pilarski, A, 2015).Impacts of ASDImpact on Parents and FamiliesInadequate support system a re common to families that have an ASD patient. Families with people of ASD often report feeling of depression, anxiety, social isolation, hopelessness and loneliness. Parents face difficulty when it comes to accepting people with ASD, difficulty to adjust to them, time management conflicts, limited information on treatment and limited access to services that are available. A study that was conducted by Queensland that interviewed parents and families with ASD shows that parents and families believed that they have been eluded from normal life. They felt that they were disrupted form activities such as socializing, emotional interaction within the family and they tend to think other families were disrupted by what their ASD child was engaging in, especially unusual activities such as instant outbursts(Manning-Courtney, P., Murray, D., Currans, K., Johnson, H., Bing, N., Kroeger-Geoppinger, K., Messerschmidt, 2013).Stigmatization of People with Autism Spectrum DisorderPeople with AS D usually experience stigmatization in the society. There is commonly negative interaction with other people as they can bully them or discriminate against them. One form of bullying that affect people of ASD is fear of being laughed at. In a study conducted, with 40 ASD and 83 people without ASD, it shows that people with ASD recall being laughed at more frequently than those without. 45 percent people with ASD reported that were afraid of being laughed at with only 6 percent of people without reporting they were afraid of the latter (Manning-Courtney, P., Murray, D., Currans, K., Johnson, H., Bing, N., Kroeger-Geoppinger, K., Messerschmidt, 2013).How ASD Affects Learning and DevelopmentPeople with ASD usually develop at different rate than those with no ASD and does not develop required skill like other normal people. For instance, an ASD child might not have an explosion of communication and language like other children, only being limited to learning fewer words within a longer period compared to a normal child (Manning-Courtney, P., Murray, D., Currans, K., Johnson, H., Bing, N., Kroeger-Geoppinger, K., Messerschmidt, 2013).ASD may also affect attention and interaction making learning difficult for a person with ASD. ASD individuals do not tune with other persons in the way other normal people do. For instance, a person with ASD might not have the ability to make eye contact, respond to their name or wave to others. They may not also be able to employ nonverbal communication skills such as gestures in their communication.ASD also affects ones understanding of other peoples perspective. A child with ASD will find it hard to view things from other persons perspectives. They might have problems in comprehending tha...

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Study Of Risk Management Systems At Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 4008 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? This chapter highlights the results and findings related with the research paper. It concentrates on the analysis of the data collected by the author from the questionnaire filled in by the banks officials. The main aim is to understand the key risks associated with Indian banks and to prioritize the same and to discover solutions and alternatives to minimizing these risks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study Of Risk Management Systems At Banks Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The gathered data will highlight the key risks, threats to the banks, benefits and solution towards risk management. Thus based on all those factors, the author will find whether Indian banks incorporate effective risk management system and how they can minimize the associated risks. 4.1 Results and Analysis of Results There is a questionnaire, designed to take the responses from Bank Officials. The questionnaire was published both online and also distributed in person. There were 48 respondents to the overall questionnaire and was collected over a time period of 8 days. The questionnaire was filled in person by meeting the bank officials and also emails were sent out to in order to cover greater respondents. The questionnaire was filled by the officials from national, regional, state level and other public-private sector banks operating in India. The data gathered from overall questionnaires was been analyzed using excel with the help of graphs determining the key risks and effectiveness of risk management system. The results and graphs for questionnaire are discussed in this chapter with each question and respective graph followed with it. Risk management: According to the RBI circular issued on risk management by the RBI the broad parameters of risk management function should encompass: organizational structure, comprehensive risk measurement approach, risk management policies approved by the Board which should be consistent with the broader business strategies, capital strength, management expertise and overall willingness to assume risk guidelines and other parameters used to govern risk taking including detailed structure of prudential limits, strong MIS for reporting, monitoring and controlling risks, well laid out procedures, effective control and comprehensive risk reporting framework, separate risk management framework independent of operational Departments and with clear delineation of levels of responsibility for management of risk, Periodical review and evaluation. Study of risk management system at banks under study Most of the banks do not have dedicated risk management team, policy, procedures and framework in place. Those banks have risk management department, the risk managers role is restricted to pre fact and post fact analysis of customers credit and there is no segregation of credit, market, operational and strategic risks. There are few banks which have articulated framework and risk quantification. The traditional lending practices, assessment of credits, handling of market risks, treasury functionality and culture of risk-rewards are bane of public sector banks whereas private sector banks and financial institutions are somewhat better in this context. The sheer size and wide coverage of banks is a big hurdle to integrate and generate a cost effective real time operational data for mapping the risks. Most of the financial institutions processes are encircled to functional silos follows bureaucratic structure and yet to come up with a transparent and appropriate corporate governan ce structure to achieve the stated strategic objectives. Since the year 1998 RBI has been giving serious attention towards evolving suitable and comprehensive models for Risk-management. It has laid stress on integrating this new discipline in the working systems of the Banks. In view of this, the risk management division in most of the banks was established in or after 1998 only. All the details regarding the risk management framework is presented by the bank in a policy document called ICAAP. Prioritizing Key Risks: Identification and prioritizing the key risk was one of the main objectives of this research. As discussed in chapter-2, various risks that a bank is bound to confront were divided into two categories namely, business risks and control risks. Business risk involves the risks arising out of the operations of the bank, the business it is into and the way it conducts its operations. It consists of 8 types of risks namely capital, credit, market, earnings, liquidity, business strategy and environmental, operational and group risk. Control risk measures the risk arising out of any lapses in the control mechanism such as the organizational structure and the management and the internal controls that exist in the bank. Controls risk further consists of internal controls, management, organizational and compliance risk. After taking up the questionnaire it was found that respondents scaled various risk based on their importance ranking the most important as 1 and so on as stated in table bel ow: Business Risk Parameter Scaling Value Capital Risk 1 Credit Risk 2 Market Risk 3 Earnings 3 Liquidity Risk 4 Business Strategy Environmental Risk 5 Operational risk 2 Group Risk 5 In case of business risk category (after driving conclusion from above mentioned analysis) 1. Capital risk is the most crucial type of risk faced by banks. 2. Credit and operational risk are at second level and are equally important. 3. Next most crucial risk faced after capital credit and operational risk is market risk. Earnings risk is also equally important as market risk. 4. Liquidity risk is the next most important risk 5. Least important/ crucial risks are business and group risk. Figure: Hierarchy of business risk Control Risk Parameter Scaling Value Internal Control 1 Management 2 Organization 3 Compliance 2 In the case of controls risk category: (after driving conclusion from above mentioned analysis) 1. Internal controls risk the most crucial risk faced. 2. Management and compliance risk are the next most important risks. 3. Risk associated with organization is the least important of all. It can be depicted as: Figure: Hierarchy of controls risk Apart from those risks mentioned under the Basel accord, banks hardly pay attention to other categories of risks. Some of the risks not addressed by most of the banks are: Interest rate risk in the banking book, Settlement risk, Reputational risk, Strategic risk, Legal and compliance risk, Risk of under estimation of credit risk under the standardized approach, Model risk, Residual risk of securitization. Credit risk management: As discussed earlier in chapter-2, Credit risk management enables banks to identify, assess, manage proactively, and optimise their credit risk at an individual level or at an entity level or at the level of a country. The commonly used techniques are econometric technique, neural networks, opt imisation models, rule based and hybrid systems. The domains to which they are applied are credit approval, credit rating determination and risk pricing. The various models covering these techniques and domain are Altmans Z-score model (1968), KMV model for measuring default risk, CreditMetrics, CreditRisk+, etc. Drivers of effective credit risk management: These are effective credit risk management as a value enhancing activity, consolidating credit lines, efficient use of economic and regulatory capital, ensuring that the bank has a safe level of capital, pricing loans to earn attractive risk-adjusted profits, applying economic capitals trio of core decision making criteria, use of derivatives to reshape credit profile and technology. How likely is that the credit checks of customers and the information from credit agencies help banks model against credit and other associated risks? Market risk management: Market risk is defined as the uncertainty in the future values of the Groups on and off balance sheet financial items, resulting from movements in factors such as interest rates, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates. The drivers of market risk are equity and commodities prices, foreign exchange rates, interest rates, their volatilities and correlations. Market risk can be classified into directional and non-directional risks. Market risk can be measured and managed through the use of Maturity gap analysis, Duration analysis, Convexity, Value-at-Risk (VAR), Stress Testing and the Greeks. In Indian market, being an emerging market, liquidity and inefficiency are the major concerns in the forex, debt and stock markets. Panic and knee jerk reactions are also common (e.g. effect on stock markets during Indo-Pak tension and the recent Government change). All these factors contribute to the market risk of the bank.  · To analyze the market risk management techniques, an exe rcise of informal discussion and unstructured questionnaire was conducted. Few highlights are given as: The banks have been making progress in the area of Asset Liability Management. But they are still far from achieving the level, which has been attained in banks abroad. All of the banks have set up ALM function and established the requisite organizational framework consisting of the ALCO and the support groups. The composition, scope and functions of these bodies are in accordance with the guidelines. Banks have also made an attempt to integrate ALM and management of other risks to facilitate integrated risk management. Banks are complaint with the regulatory requirements of the RBI regarding the preparation of statements. They have also laid out policies and maintain records as required by the guidelines. Many of them have also achieved 100% coverage of business by ALM. Private Banks and foreign banks have made the most progress. Some of them had a head start in AL M. They have not made the progress that could possibly have been made considering that their problems are not of the magnitude of some other banks. Asset liability management: ALM is concerned with strategic balance sheet management involving risks caused by changes in the interest rates, exchange rates and the liquidity position of the bank. In recent years in India, most of the interest rates have been deregulated; government securities are sold in auctions and banks are also, with a few exceptions free to determine the interest rates on deposits and advances. Hence the ALM function is not simply about risk protection. It should also be about enhancing the net worth of the institution through opportunistic positioning of the balance sheet. The more leveraged an institution is, the more critical the ALM function within the enterprise. The ALM process allows an institution to take on positions, which are otherwise deemed too large without such a function. There are various techniques of risk management to address the different types of risk. ALM primarily aims at managing interest rate risk and liquidity risk. How likely is that the effective implementation of Asset Liability Management (ALM) techniques help banks model against Market and other associated risks? Indian banks have a very significant proportion of assets and liabilities with no fixed maturity. On the assets side this includes practically all of the working capital finance. Much of this contractually repayable on demand but in practice it is subject to more or less automatic rollovers, even when in the form of loans. On the liabilities side the principal items with no fixed maturity are the current and savings bank accounts. Now the banks approach this problem through behavioural analysis. It is the process of capturing the assets and liabilities as per the buckets given by RBI. As on March 31, 2008, for the scheduled banks together current account and savings bank deposits formed about 28% of external liabilities: again the bulk of the loans and advances (40% of assets) was probably working capital finance. This is a large and significant proportion of the assets and liabilities. All of the banks surveyed follow the classification of assets and liabilities recommended by the RBI. They use the maturity gap model. Operational risk management: Many banks have defined operational risk as any risk not categorised as market or credit risk and some have defined it as the risk of loss arising from various types of human or technical error. Operational risk management techniques come in two basic varieties -bottom -up or top down approaches take aggregate targets such as net income or net asset value, to analyse the operational risk factors and loss events that cause fluctuations in the target.. How likely is that the effective monitoring by the top management would help banks model against Organizational losses and other associated risks? The threats Exposed to the Banks consists of: Fig-1 states that Competition seems to be a great threat to the banking industry. Around 44%, 28% and 21% respondents feel that competition from other banks in the industry is Extremely, Quite and Slightly important threat that banks are exposed to in present scenario. Currently, India has 88 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) 27 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 31 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 38 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. This states the extent of competition amongst the Indian banking sector and imposes a threat to the banks from each other. Fig-2 states the variable customers as a threat since customers are the main entity for the banks. Greater the number of customer, more are the chances of expansion and efficient working of the banks. Results show that maximum respondents feel that reduction i n customers could be a risk for the bank as it drives of their business to their competitors. The BSE Sensex increased significantly from a level of 13,072 as at end-March 2007 to its peak of 20,873 on January 8, 2008. But with portfolio flows reversing in 2008, partly because of the international market turmoil, the Sensex dropped to a level of 11,328 on October 8, 2008, in line with similar large declines in other major stock markets. This had an impact on banks as banks borrow and lend money among them to meet short-term need for funds they never hold the exact amount of cash that they need to disburse as credit. The inter-bank market performs this critical role of bringing cash-surplus and cash-deficit banks together and lubricates the process of credit delivery to companies (for working capital and capacity creation) and consumers (for buying cars, white goods etc). As the global crisis intensified, banks grew increasingly suspicious about each others solvency and ability to honor commitments. The inter-bank market shrank as a result and this began to hurt the flow of funds to the real economy. The liquidity crunch in the banks has resulted in a tight situation where it has become extremely difficult even for top companies to take loans for their needs. This can be seen from the results as most respondents (approx 80%) do feel that share market volatility may leave bank susceptible to credit and market risks.( https://www.scribd.com/doc/7956331/Indian-Financial-Market-Reasons-and-Solutions) Police arrested a former bank teller of the State Bank of India on charges of conspiring with forgers to place fake Indian notes in a cash box. The bank teller told investigators that he exchanged over INR 15 million ($3,54,563) in counterfeit currency notes with authentic ones in a box managed by the financial institution for daily cash flow transactions on behalf of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This points out towards lack of managements attention towards s ound banking functionality. (https://www.algorithmics.com/EN/media/pdfs/Algo-RA0209-CRO-PCagen.pdf)The results states that around 45% respondents feel that lack of managements attention is quite important to be threat towards banks leading to operational and other risks. There is a scope for new entrants in the market, in spite of capital management and human resource constraints, as there continue to remain opportunities in unbanked areas. With only 30-35% of the population financially included, and the Indian banking industry unsaturated with CAGR of well above 20%, the market definitely has scope to accommodate new players. The results shows that respondents had been biased as majority (28%) feels that new entrants wont be a threat to their business while 60% feel that new entrants can pose a threat and that new entrants should be allowed only after satisfactorily achieving set milestones for the prior stages, cap on promoters holdings and wider public holding in addition to a common banking regulator on a level playing field are essential before they may set themselves up as banks.( https://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/studies_survey/banking_systemsurvey.pdf) Business risks consists of 8 types of risks namely capital, credit, market, earnings, liquidity, business strategy and environmental, operational and group risk. The results in Fig states that 100% respondents feel that business risk is really important and poses a great threat to the banks with almost 45% stating it as quite important. This states that the banks are really concerned towards risks and thus is vital to employ effective risk management system. Control risks consist of internal controls, management, organizational and compliance risk. The results in Fig states that almost 80% respondents feel that business risk is really important and poses a great threat to the banks whereas few, around15%, feel that control risks isnt a great threat to the banking sector as compared to business risk This states that the banks are really concerned towards risks and thus is vital to employ effective risk management system. Nonperforming Assets and bad loans have always been crucial threat for the banks efficient functionality. Almost 80% of the banks see personal loans (Fig. 13) as having the greatest potential for default, followed by corporate loans and credit cards. Many banks additionally perceived a level of riskiness in the SME and farm loan sector ( https://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/studies_survey/banking_systemsurvey.pdf). The results in fig states that respondents do feel rising level of NPAs as an important threat but not extremely important as majority around 40% mark it slightly important. Also studies show that Indian banks have the ability to absorb twice the amount of their current NPA levels. Strategies adapted by banks to overcome risks include:  · Integrative growth  · Intensive growth  · Downsizing older business Ã⠀šÃ‚ · Diversification Banks have given following as reasons for high incidence of NPAs  · Improper Loan Appraisal System by Banks  · Poor Risk Management Techniques as a Contribution to NPAs  · Lack of Strong Legal Framework to initiate action  · Incorrect Evaluation of the Credit Worthiness of the borrower  · Poor Loan Monitoring  · Poor Recovery Mechanisms Analysing the reasons that has led to loans becoming unpopular with the banking industry:  · High Incidences of Non Performing Assets  · High Costs of Servicing  · Greater Political Interference  · Stricter Formalities to be compiled with  · Falling demand the Pressure on the Banks The reason as why targets set for loans have not reached by banks includes:  · Projects Placed were not Feasible or Risky in the Respective Category  · Inadequate Security Provided by the Borrowers  · Large No. of Borrowers Whose Credit Worthiness is not Satisfactory  · Fear of NPAs The benefits in the next two years, on account of maintaining a separate risk management function: Improvement in productivity, Enabling risk adjusted performance, Improved assessment of product profitability, Use of risk sensitive approach in business processes, Better pricing of products and consumer segments, Developing skills for risk transfer products, Competitive advantage, Fraud reduction/deduction, Better understanding and scrutiny of all functionalities of the bank. Enabling a separate risk management system would surely help bank to deal with various risks associated with the industry and help it employ a smooth and efficient functioning. Having a sound risk management system may boost the productivity of the bank as they will have less risk and hence help them build trust by attracting more customers. Fig- shows that 80% respondents, with 35% and 20% thinking it quite and extremely likely respectively, feel that separate risk management system will help increase the productivity of the bank. Fig- shows that 95% respondents feel that a separate risk management syste m will enable the bank to provide with risk adjusted performance whereas a few regional banks feel that risk might be worth expansion and greater returns in order to attract customers with more interest rates on their deposits and other schemes.  · Having a separate risk management system surely helps to analyze the risk capability and limits of each products and portfolios which the banks deal in. Sometimes to offer greater return banks come up with portfolios which are more susceptible to risks. Thus the risk department can help minimize those risks and help choose products and services with greater returns and minimal risks to offer its clients. Fig- shows that 29% respondents feel that its slightly likely whereas around 40% (extremely and quite likely) feel that risk management will benefit with improved assessment of product profitability. There are 16% respondents who are biased on whether this may help to provide product profitability or not, as greater risk tends to greater returns. Fig- shows that approx 80% respondents feel that having a separate risk management will benefit to incorporate a risk sensitive approach in business processes the banks deal with. This includes the portfolios the banks invest and trades, t he MF and loans provided by the banks and better asset management with minimal risks. Incorporating a risk management department would help the employee to develop skills towards risk management. This might help to train the employee with required knowledge towards risk assessment of products and come up with products and portfolios with greater returns and less risk to impart faith towards its customers. Fig shows that over 30% respondents feel that its slight likely that separate risk management will help develop skills for risk transfer products whereas approx 30% and 15%, quite extremely likely, respectively favour it. Still there are few respondents approx 20% who doesnt favour and stay biased and feel its slightly unlikely that separate risk management might help develop skills for risk transfer products. Micro: basic granular knowledge of typical transactions and the risks attending them; 2. Macro: an understanding of what portfolio of risks is created by the sum of these transactions; and 3. Model: an understanding of how in this business model we make money, and what happens if critical underlying assumptions are wrong. Fig- shows that 35% and 20% respondents feel it quite and extremely likely that risk management would help relief in capital charge whereas 275 feel its slight likely that risk management may help in capital relief. 17% respondents feel that Risk management may surely help release the NPA burden but still there will be defaults such as customer credit defaults, bad debts, share market volatility, etc which cannot be overcome even by effective risk management and thus they doesnt support this variable as a benefit towards banks. Incorporating risk management would help bank attain transparency at its operational level, enable better capital management, liquidity management, portfolio management, and enhance board level perspective. This can be seen from fig- which states that approx 40%, 20%and 30% respondents feel it quite, e xtremely and slight likely that risk management would benefit bank have competitive edge over their rivals. There has been stunning fraud in India in recent years. The companies are able to arm twist the auditors who play a vital role in fraud detection. Implementing better risk management policies such as strict KYC norms, more stringent audit measure and stricter regulatory vigil really help banks detect fraud and take effective measures to eradicate such frauds. Fig-shows that around 70% (11%, 24% and 32% feeling extremely, quite and slightly likely resp.) respondents feel that separate risk management system will be beneficial for banks to deal with frauds. The implementation of proper risk management system helps bank aid their reputation and impart global recognition and presence. Fig shows that 35% respondents feel that this approach might list them on global markets and crack deals with foreign banks. For example the merger between State bank of India and PNB Paribas l ead to formation of SBI life Insurance, Indias largest private life insurer. This shows that effective risk approach would be highly beneficial for the banks. Risk management scenario in the future Risk management activities will be more pronounced in future banking because of liberalization, deregulation and global integration of financial markets. This would be adding depth and dimension to the banking risks. As the risks are correlated, exposure to one risk may lead to another risk, therefore management of risks in a proactive, efficient integrated manner will be the strength of the successful banks. The standardized approach was to be implemented by 31st March 2007, and the forward-looking banks placed their MIS for the collection of data required for the calculation of Probability of Default (PD), Exposure at Default (EAD) and Loss Given Default (LGD). The banks are expected to have at a minimum PD data for five years and LGD and EAD data for seven years. Presently most Indian banks do not possess the data required for the calculation of their LGDs. Also the personnel skills, the IT infrastructure and MIS at the banks need to be upgraded substantially if the banks want to migrate to the IRB Approach.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

As An Accounting Major, It Is Kind Of Odd That This Is

As an accounting major, it is kind of odd that this is the most I’ve actually researched possible careers in accounting. But through my research, I’ve found many different possible careers that my degree could get me. There were dozens ranging from jobs that required an associate’s degree in accounting, all the way to careers that required a master’s degree in accounting, as well as certificates that closely relate to them, and they paid anywhere from $30,000 to over $100,000. To be completely honest, there were times when I wondered why companies need an entire different division for accounting, but after seeing just how many different jobs there were in the field, things started to make a bit more sense. The first career from†¦show more content†¦The biggest reason that these caught my attention was the fact that what we had been covering as just a single account had an entire career dedicated to it. I guess after just listing accounts payable a s a single liability I forgot that multiple debts make up that account. It also just occurred to me that if a company would hire a person just to cover a single account, these accounts must not be stationary very often. For a career to require a person to come to work every day, each account must increase and/or decrease every day, and some days multiple times. After that realization, I realized just how easy it must be to make a single mistake, and just how easily a single mistake on one account that one person was responsible for could affect the entire company. Accounting, just like any other job that I have worked, requires a team. And everyone on that team must hold up their end, or else the consequences will be catastrophic. In the same way that a single miscommunication can ruin a transaction at a fast food restaurant, a single miscommunication could ruin a company’s financial statements. It shows just how much attention to detail is required for a job in accounting. T he next job that I noticed was the FBI Agent specializing in accounting. I feel as though I don’t even need to explain why this one caught my eye. I mean, even if you don’t intend to read it, you alwaysShow MoreRelatedPorters Five Forces Analysis of Automotive Industry in Pakistan and Bangladesh1734 Words   |  7 PagesALPHA Enterprises desires to expand its business network (Both Manufacturing and Selling) either in Pakistan or Bangladesh. Your Department has been tasked by CEO to conduct a Strategic analysis of Business/Industry for both the countries. Keeping this in mind Q1: Conduct a Strategic Analysis using Michael Porters Five Forces and on the basis of said analysis recommend the Country that is more feasible for investment? 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

France European Community (EC) free essay sample

Examines history goals of EC French resistance cooperation. Issues discussed include legalities, economics, politics, banking, conflicts with Germany Japan and protectionism. INTRODUCTION The countries of Europe long dreamed of a Europe without borders, a Europe without trade barriers or barriers to the free flow of goods and people from one country to another. The dream came closer to a reality with the creation of the European Community and specifically with the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty as a step in an ongoing process leading one day to a Europe united in more than trade. This prospect has created fears among some, however, and some of the member states, or their leadership, have seen the developing EC as a challenge to their sense of sovereignty and autonomous rule. At present, the EC as constituted since 1992 is an economic common market, spurred to integration by the perception that only in this way would Europe be able to compete in the future against the growing. We will write a custom essay sample on France European Community (EC) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) Essay Example

Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) Essay A copy of an original manuscript is called Apograph. ARCHIVES Organized body of public records or historical documents preserved in a repository. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A phrase inserted in a book signifying that its copy right is reserved and its violation will be actionable and that the privilege of reproducing it in any form will not be granted without the consent of the owner of the copyright. ASSOCIATED BOOK A book which is written about another book. AUTOGRAPH 1. A person’s signature. 2. A manuscript in the author’s own hand writing. BASTARD TITLE (HALF TITLE) The brief title of a book in which the wordings of the full title is abbreviated and which is usually printed on a separate leaf preceding the main title page. BEST SELLER A current popular book in extensive demand and sold in large numbers. BIANNUAL A publication issued twice a year. BIBLIOLATORY Reverence and respect for books BIBLIOMANIA Madness for books. (Excessive passion for collecting and owing books). BIBLIOMANIAC One who suffering from bibliomania. BIBLIOPHILE A lover of books particularly of their format and physical make up. BIBLIOPEGIC A book binder, one who works to bind the books. BIBLIOTHECA Library is a place or building or store where collected books are arranged according to a systematic order. BIBLIOTHERAPY Cure of diseases with the help of reading books. BOOK RARITIES Scarce books of which only a few copies are available any where. BOOK REVIEW An evaluation of the contents, literary worth etc, especially a recently published book, published in a periodical or newspaper. BULLETIN A regular publication of an organization, society etc with a brief statement of the latest news concerning the issuing organization. BOOK We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book is defined as a collection of sheet of papers written, printed or typed, string and bound to illustrate further the concept of book. It has many folded sheets of papers which continue writing. When the page number are 49 or more than 49 it will be named as book excluding the cover pages. When pages are less than 49it will be especially named as pamphlet (decided in General Conference of UNESCO 1964). A non periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of cover pages. UNESCO. Dr. P. N. Gour. BYNAME (NICK NAME) A fanciful name in addition to or in place of proper name. . g Hamidullah Jan is called Hameedi. CANCEL The corrected replacement of a cancelled leaf or leaves of a book containing a textural error. BIBLIOGRAPHY List of books and other reading material, which record the information, describe the information, disseminate the information and does not index the information, not being necessarily of one collection or library. BIENNIAL A publication issued o nce in two years. BI-MONTHLY A serial publication issued once in two months. BI-WEEKLY (FORTNIGHTLY) A periodical which is published once in two weeks. BLURB (BOOK JACKET, DUST COVER, BOOK COVER, WRAPPER) Publisher’s description and praise of a book usually printed on the front flap of a book jacket. BOOK Book is an acronym of â€Å"Built in orderly organized knowledge†. â€Å"In education in Pakistan† written by Dr. R. A. Farooq. BOOK EXCHANGE An arrangement whereby a library exchanges its duplicate or discarded material with other library. BOOK LABEL (BOOK PLATE) A label pasted in a book to mark its ownership. CAPTION The heading at the beginning of the text, or of a chapter or section of a book, or of an article. CAPTION TITLE The title printed at beginning of a chapter or section of a book or at the too of each page. CATCHWORD A word given at the bottom of the page after the last line, such word being the first in the first line at the top of the following page. CHANGED TITLE The current title of a book which had originally been published with a different title, e. g, Ceramic in Pakistan old Title pottery in Pakistan change Title. CHARGE To record the loan of a book to reader. CLIPPING (PRESS CUTTINGS) A piece cut form a newspaper or periodical usually containing an important new or some writing worth preservation for the use of readers. For example Afghanistan, Kashmir, ECO, UNO, Pak, Middle East, Nuclear weapon etc. COLLABORATOR One who is associated with another in the writing of a book. COMPOUND NAME A name made up of two or more proper names. COPY RIGHT DATE The date on which copy right is granted in respect of an individual work, usually printed on the reverse of the title page. CORRIGENDA: (ERRATA) A printed list of correction of errors in the text of a book, notices after document was printed and inserted either before or after the printed text. CURATOR A person who has the charge of a museum, art gallery or any special collection. DEDICATION The author’s inscription in a book offering it to a person as a mark of respect or affection or gratitude towards that person. DOCUMENT A record of mental thought expressed in language, written on paper. EDITION The no of copies printed at one time and from one unchanged setting of types. An edition may comprise a no of impressions usually printed from the same types or plates. Different editions may embody an identical text or varying texts. END PAPERS One or more blank leaves inserted by the binder at the beginning and the end of a book. EPHEMERA Pamphlet, cutting and other materials of ephemeral interest and value. FLY LEAF A blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book. FOOT NOTE A note at the foot of a page, giving a reference, an authority or an explanation or elucidation of some matter in the text marked above on the page. FOREWORD: (PRE-AMBLE) An introductory preface of a book by the author stating the reason for writing and enunciation of his theme. FRONTISPIECE A pictorial representation or illustration in the beginning of a book, usually facing or preceding it title page. GAZATTEER A geographical reference work usually arranged alphabetically, giving descriptive, geographical, historical or statistical information about places written about. GLOSSARY An alphabetical list of technical terms concerned with any specific subject together with their definition or elucidations. HARD BINDING Binding in hard board covered with cloth or paper. IMPRESSION All copies of a book printed at the same time from the same setting or types. INDEX A systematically arranged alphabetical list of names, subjects etc, together with page nos where they occur, usually placed at the end of a book or other publications. INTRODUCTION The preliminary section of a book, usually explaining or defining its subject-matter, or giving a general study of the subject, often written by some one other than the author. LEAFLET A separate sheet of printed matter often folded but not stitched. LEGAL DEPOSIT Deposit of one or more copies of every book or other publication, printed or published in the country, in certain libraries, according to the copyright law or another related law of the country. LIBRARY DISCOUNT Rebate allowed by the book trade on the cost of books purchased by a library. LITHOGRAPHY Process of writing or drawing design on a stone and of processing printed impressions there from. MAGAZINE A periodical publication for general reading of which separate issues are published at regular intervals, containing articles on various subjects, by different authors. MONOGRAPH A separate, systematic and complete treatise on a single subject. NEW IMPRESSION Fresh printing of a book from standing type. PAMPHLET A non-periodical publication of at least five but not more than 48 pages, excluding cover pages. PAPERBACKS Books bound with paper covers, usually to reduce their cost price. PARTIAL TITLE The sub-title or alternative title or the secondary part of the title given on the title page. PICTOGRAPH A pictorial illustration telling a story by representing an object or an idea. (A thirsty crow, Greedy dog etc. ). PLATE A page containing illustrative matter bound or pasted in a book and usually not included in its pagination. PREFACE A statement written by the author, at the beginning of a book, giving its scope, reasons for writing and the class of readers for whom it is intended. OCTAVO A sheet of paper folded three times to form a section of eight leaves or sixteen pages. OCTAVO EDITION An edition issued in octavo form, i. e, of books having section of 8 leaves or 16 pages and whose height is between 20 to 25 cm. PRELIMINARIES Those parts of the book which precede the first page of the text, viz: half title, frontispiece, title page, dedication, acknowledgment, list of contents and illustrations, abbreviations, foreword or preface, introduction etc. PSEUDONYM A name used by an author which is not his real name in order to conceal his identity. PUBLISHING HOUSE A firm engaged in the trade of publishing books. RECTO Right hand page of an open book, usually bearing an odd Page number. REFERENCE LIBRARIAN A librarian incharge of a reference library or who is incharge of reference department in a library. REFERENCE BOOKS Books such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, gazetteers, year books, directories, indexes, bibliographies etc, which are compiled to supply definite pieces of information and are meant to be referred to for such information rather than to be read thorough. REFERENCES The list of publications to which an author has made specific reference in the course of his work, generally appended at the end of each chapter or at the end of the book or the article. REFERENCE SERVICE (REFERENCE WORK) The provision and organization by a library of a service which is directly concerned with assistance to readers in their search for information on various subjects, and in using the resources of the library in study and research. REPRINT An identical copy of a book, printed from the same type or with type set again by without any substantial alteration in the text. REVIEW An evaluation of literary work. REVIEW COPY A copy of a book sent free by the publisher to an individual scholar, or to a newspaper or magazine for review purposes. REVIEWING PERIODICAL A periodical publication largely devoted to reviews of new books. REVISED EDITION A new edition of a book in which printing and textual errors have been corrected, and new material added. REVISED IMPRESSION (PRINTING) A new impression of a book for which revisions have been incorporated in the original setting of types. ROYALTY Payment made to an author by the publisher of a book usually on a percentage basis of its retail price. RUNNING TITLE The title which is repeated at the head of each page of a book. SEMI ANNUAL A periodical or any other serial publication, published twice a year. SEMI WEEKLY A periodical issued twice a week. SHORT TITLE Shortened form of the title of a book enough to identify it in catalogue or bibliography, generally used in short cataloguing. SPINE The back of the cover of a book, which usually bears, the title, author and sometimes the publisher’s name. STANDARD BOOK (WORK) A book recognized as of permanent value because of its subject content or the style of writing. STANDARD EDITION The edition of an author’s book which is of a better quality than a normal or cheaper edition. SUB-TITLE A secondary or sub-ordinate title of a book following the main title which is usually explanatory, or modificatory of the main title. SUMMARY The substance or general idea of any written matter presented in a brief form. SURNAME A family name, usually used together with the personal name. TERMS Any word or phrase used in a precise or definite sense. TITLE 1. â€Å"Name of a work† Dr. S. S. Ranganathan. 2. The word or words by which a literary or intellectual work is designated on its title page which may also include the sub-title, alternative title or any elucidatory or descriptive matter relating to the title. TREATISE A formal systematic essay, or book on some subject. VERSION One of several forms of exposition in the same or another language of a work. VERSE The left hand page of an open book, usually bearing an even page number. XY-LOGRAPHY Printing from engraved blocks of wood. YEAR BOOK An annual volume, published every year, containing current information of a variable nature, also reviews of the happenings during the year and statistical statements of annual significance. WATER MARK A mark of water or trade mark is prepared and can be seen on any sheet of paper, specially hand made paper when holds to light. EXTRA BINDING A trade term for the best work in binding. FINISHING It is comprising of lettering, tooling and polishing of the book. FOREDGE The front edge of the leaves. FORWARDING Comprises all operations between sewing and finishing. SIGNATURE The letters or figures placed on first page of each sheet. CONCAVE The inside curve. CONVEX The outside curve. COLOPHONE A statement given at the end of the text of a book giving its title, subject, writer’s printers or publisher’s name and date and place of printing. Sometimes one or more of these items is omitted. IMPERFECTIONS Sheets rejected by the binder and returned to the printer to be replace. HEAD AND TAIL The top and bottom of the book. EMBOSS PRINTING Printing in raised characters for the blind. ADDENDA Additional matters essential to the completeness of the text of a book, usually added after the text. For example at page 85, at line 13 (After Automatic data processing add: see also Data processing).

Friday, March 13, 2020

Black Relaions in Brazil Essay

Black Relaions in Brazil Essay Black Relaions in Brazil Essay Black In Latin America / Brazil: A Racial Paradise? In Brazil, Professor Gates explores how this â€Å"rainbow nation† is waking up to it's legacy as the world's largest slave economy. An estimated 4.8 million African slaves were brought to Brazil over 500 years ago when Portuguese slave trades were high with the country and sugar farming was the countries number one resource. The slaves brought with them their religion, culture, and music. Approximately 75 million people remain in Brazil with ties to African descent and Brazil is the second largest black population in the world next to Nigeria. Brazil was the last country in the western hemisphere to abolish slavery in 1888. However, they were the first to claim that they were free of racism a declare there nation a racial democracy. Many of the countries African descendents believe this is a myth and believe that racism does exist within Brazil. The Brazilian people themselves do not distinguish race as we do here in the United States, the refer to racial categories as color s such as â€Å"Moreno† or â€Å"Negro† but in different shades, but never distinguish anyone differently based merely on the appearance of their skin tone. According to Joao Reis professor of history at the Federal University of Bahia, their were ten times as many slaves brought to Brazil as to the United States during the history of the slave trades because the Portuguese controlled many of the ports in the Caribbean and Africa during the time period of 1502-1867 which gave them easier access to transport slaves the shorter distances to Brazil. Also, slavery was much more barbaric in Brazil because the slaves were easily replaced. Plantation owners did not allow slaves to be armed, so the slaves found a way to organize and learned how to defend themselves through learning Capoeira. The art form is known by quick and complex moves, using mainly power kicks, leg sweeps, knee strikes, take downs, elbow strikes, punches, and head butts. It was a form of training used by the slaves and disguised as a dance when the Calvary came in case they had to defend themselves. This art form is still practiced today in Brazil. The film also gave some information about Candomblà © wich is an African religion with oral tradition, mainly practiced in Brazil by the â€Å"povo de santo.† It is based on the soul of nature. The film also described Chica da Silva who was a woman born into slavery, that became one of the most powerful women in colonial Brazil when she started a romance with her very wealthy owner Joao Fernandes de Oliviera who was a diamond mine owner and one of the richest men in colonial Brazil who fell in love with her and set her free. When the churches condemned his actions, he built his own church and went against them for her. Together they had 13 children; raising them in white society and refusing to be treated as colored. Professor gates also spoke with Dora Alves (a black activist and hair stylist) who believes

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Macro Economics - summary A Better Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro Economics - summary A Better Way - Essay Example Another beneficial factor for the increase in productivity is reorganization of labour force that has led to â€Å"fulfilling wants that had been unmet or may be even unknown.† (Page 5). Reorganization from trade also helps in creating more efficient deployment of labour economy wide as resources are shifted to their best uses as the producers seek comparative advantage in market place (following Ricardian comparative advantage). Higher productivity also helps in increasing the state of employment in the economy because higher productivity promises higher profits implying higher income for people. Higher income means higher demand and so there will be increase in investment and more creation of jobs. Furthermore, higher productivity provides the worker with more leisure and there by an opportunity to enjoy whatever they earn. This march to livelihood was not achieved in one day. After achieving self sufficiency in food grain with the advent of electrical appliances for cultiva tion, agriculture became capital intensive and freed up labor made their plunge to the industrial sector, thereby preparing a base for the tertiary sector to flourish. But the trend in productivity has been choppy. This has been â€Å"due to business cycle upturns and slowdowns as well as longer-term economic trends.†(Page 8). To make the increase in productivity continuing it is important that improvement in technology continues. With more improvement in technology there will be much more improvement in productivity. Technological improvement would bring in more sophisticated technologies which would help in improving the quality of work, save time and thus help in bringing down the costs. Again trade also makes a powerful impact on the overall efficiency of the economy. Productivity gains from trade stands for the operation of open markets. Due to expansion in trade it has now become possible to produce goods in those

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Transformational leadership and manageent syle in nursing Essay

Transformational leadership and manageent syle in nursing - Essay Example The kind of work she does from asking patients how they are doing, and whether they have what they need here; to directing other staff members making sure all hospital work gets done on time and efficiently. She also makes sure along with getting work done is that all staff members get time off and they get to go out too and do not just get stuck with work all the time. This extra care from the nurse manager ensures that they are motivated and happy with whatever work they are doing and they hence do everything in a better way than normally expected. Hence, apart from ensuring that everything gets done on time this nurse also makes sure that everyone gets time off and vacations on time too. This shows how caring she is towards hers staff members and the people she has under her for leading and motivating. We call this inspirational of transformational leadership. Transformational leaders identify and formulate a vision for their followers and sub-ordinates to follow. They create an idea of a future environment and vision. They visualize how things will eventually be if they work and try to achieve success. In the case of the nurse manager, she devises a vision as to how the other nurses should provide to the hospital and the patients. Secondly, all transformational leaders provide a suitable ideal for the workplace and for the people working there. The nurse manager being a transformational leader also sets an example by adhering to activities and rules that are typical of efficient hospital nurse management. Promote the importance and willingness to accept of goals of the entire group of people the transformational leader is leading. The nurse manager also does this through setting goals first and then making sure there is cooperation and understanding in between each group member and all nurses that is so that there is harmony amongst them. This harmony makes sure that all members change their individual goals into collective goals and achieve common group goals henceforth. Uphold expectations pertaining to high formulated levels of performance and making sure that the entire group meets these expectations criteria. The nurse manager gives confidence to the entire staff that they can get this particular task done for example making sure that the hygienic conditions in the hospital are met etc. Catering to individual support. This is done to make sure that the members of the group/team feel worthy and

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Fast-Food Gone Bad Essay Example for Free

Fast-Food Gone Bad Essay An argument is an implicit dialogue that has importance to appeals. This is done by using different elements of an argument, in which the different parts are the claim (or thesis), the support, the evidence, the warrant, the appeals to the audience, and the counter argument that is being used in the scenario. In this essay that Michele Simon has wrote she examines the unhealthy choices of the some restaurants and explains on how they’re misleading the healthy people in the World. In Michele Simon’s â€Å"Even the ‘Healthy’ Choices at Fast Food Restaurants Are Unhealthy†, uses all of the parts and the elements of an argument in her essay. The first statement that Simon makes is â€Å"In response to sharpening criticism from nutrition advocates, fast-food franchises have added supposedly ‘healthy’ options to their menus† (Simon 473). This would be Simon’s claim, which would be the thesis statement of her argument. This is what the author or the person who wrote the situation is trying to tell you what they’re trying to answer or trying to prove in their argument. Arguments typically have three types of claims; claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy. In Simon’s argument her thesis is a claim of policy because she is trying to make a solution to figure out there problem and make it better so there can be something done about this or try to make better. We know there are many problems with fast food and Simon proves her argument by going on and saying different reasons for why this is true in her essay. The warrant is a belief or principle that can be assumed based on the argument. The warrant is never stated in great detail, and it must be drawn from statements made by the arguer. While it is not said by Simon her warrant is still clear and well understood. In Simon’s argument as implies that fast-food restaurants are not committed to the well being of their patrons (Simon). Also it is said that Simon thinks that fast-food restaurants are misleading to consumers who are trying to eat healthy. This also warrants that menu items are misleading and sometimes confusing for the consumer that is buying the product. The consumer could think that they were getting something healthier then a cheeseburger, but in all truth it’s actually worse than that cheeseburger. She must appeal to her audience in order to win the argument, by saying that a majority of fast-food restaurants are not telling the truth about their menu items and that there not healthy. The evidence is used to give strength to the argument and to prove the support for the claim. Many forms of evidence are found in examples, statistics, and expert is brought in to give valuable feedback on the argument. Simon provides many forms of evidence to back up her claim that she has possessed. In her first form of evidence she implies â€Å"The new Happy Meal option, which includes a sugar-loaded caramel dipping sauce† (Simon 473). She is implying that this idea is not much better then French fries because the caramel dipping sauce is full of sugar. Simon’s next problem was that she mentions â€Å"instead of a coke, kids can now have apple juice or milk† (Simon 475). This evidence Simon is trying to say that the apple juice and milk is still full of sugars and it’s still not good for your children. The next support of evidence for her claim is that she implies that â€Å"calling the chicken ‘crispy’ instead of fried is misleading† (Simon 474). She mentions that because if a person hears this that would automatically think that this is healthy salad. She is implying that is should just be called fried because so many people could get this confused. The logos support and evidence has support from multiple studies with facts and stats, given as evidence. Ethos supports from appeals to individuals in dealing with menu items and the choices on it. Pathos is used throughout her essay by giving thought to how unhealthy fast-food is. She mentions that â€Å"For a toddler who needs 1,000 calories per day, a Happy Meal consisting of four Chicken McNuggets, small French fries, and a low-fat chocolate milk totals 580 calories, or more than half of a child’s daily recommended calorie intake† (Simon 475). Simon is saying that no matter what you’re getting at a fast-food restaurant it’s going to be unhealthy for you, and your children. The counter argument Simon takes into consideration the argument opposing her claim, Simon doesn’t spend much time about a counter argument, but it is addressed in her essay. Simon grants â€Å"Go Active! Adult Happy Meal† (Simon 476). Which fell through and done away with because it didn’t work. Simon points out â€Å"In 2004 Ruby Tuesday reduced some portion sizes and added healthier items† (Simon 476). Another thing that Simon points out that was that â€Å"Wendy’s garnered great press in February 2005 for its ‘bold’ decision to add fresh fruit to its menu† (Simon 476). Simon has all of these examples for the counter argument that the fast-food industry is getting somewhat better. In conclusion there are many parts of an argument, and Simon uses all of these parts to successfully get her argument across effectively. She makes her claim, and then backs it up with the right support and to make his claim even stronger. Then she successfully gets the warrant across which has great appeal to the audience and is needed to make the claim that much stronger. Then finally Simon uses her counter argument to address to her audience what has been happening in the years past to try and fix the problem. Works Cited Simon, Michele. Even the Healthy Choices at Fast-Food Restaurants Are Unhealthy. . 473-75. Print. Excerpt from The Purposeful Argument: A Practical Guide. Boston: Patricia Bostian, 2006. N. pag.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

The Disadvantages Of Standardized Testing Essay -- High-Stakes Standard

Standardized tests must be improved. Instead of traditional standardized testing, random testing should be put in place and tests themselves should be reconstructed to promote fairness, reduce errors and and more accurately assess student’s knowledge. Testing should be done to random groups of students on random dates throughout the year. There will be a large enough group of students to give a good idea of how well material is being taught but a small enough group that not everyone needs to take the test. Cheating is a major problem with standardized tests. Cheating leads to inaccurate test scores (Dolezalek 71). In many cases of it is the teachers that are the ones cheating. â€Å"About 10 percent of the teachers admitted to providing hints about the answers during the test administration; about 10 percent pointed out mismarked items by students; about 15 percent of the teachers provided more time for the test than was allowed; and about 5 percent of the teachers engaged in instruction during the test† (Dolezalek 73). Teachers can also cheat by altering finished tests by filling in blank answers or fixing the answers at the end of the test which tend to be the hardest (Dolezalek 75). Teachers are often pushed by administrators who also cheat for their schools. â€Å"In July 2011 the Georgia Bureau of Investigation released a report on the Atlanta Public Schools charging a widespread cheating conspiracy over a ten year period by 178 teachers, principals and administrators to f ix answers on the statewide competency test† (â€Å"Pressure Caused Teachers to Cheat†). The fact that federal budgets can be determined by tests causes some schools and states to cheat (Dolezalek 76). Schools cheat because the system for determining budgets makes n... ...argets Has Caused Teachers to Cheat.† Standardized Testing. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"GBI Reveals Why Cheating Occurred in Atlanta Public Schools.† Teacher World. 10 July 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web 4 March 2014. â€Å"Why Can Some Kids Handle the Pressure While Others Fall Apart?† The New York Times. The New York Times, 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 10 March 2014. â€Å"Why Standardized Tests Don’t Measure Educational Quality.† ASCD. Educational Leadership, March 1999. Web. 10 March 2014. Walberg, Herbert J. â€Å"Standardized Tests Effectively Measure Student Achievement.† Standardized Testing. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. of â€Å"Stop the War Against Standardized Tests.† Defining Ideas: A Hoover Institution Journal. (20 May 2011). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 7 March 2014.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Mpare and Contrast the Way in Which Heaney

Blackberry Picking by Seamus Heaney and Stealing Peas by Gillian Clarke both approach passion and disappointment in life by describing childhood experience. They explore love and regret through the description of childhood and nature; Blackberry Picking through the explicit meaning of picking blackberries but them decomposing, and Stealing Peas through the explicit meaning of children stealing peas from pea rows in a field in the day, but later on with a girl asking a boy a question and her being given a disappointing and seemingly unexpected answer. Both Blackberry Picking by Seamus Heaney and Stealing Peas by Gillian Clarke are similar in subject; they both are poems about sad or unfortunate childhood events that have perhaps lingered in both of the poets’ memories. â€Å"Blackberry Picking† uses nature as a basis for the narrative. Heaney writes about his childhood experiences; picking berries in â€Å"late august†. Heaney and Clarke both create strong feelings in their poems. In â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, Heaney conveys a sense of lust and greed for the berries: â€Å"We hoarded the fresh berries†, but that afterwards the berries fermented and grew sour: â€Å"The fruit fermented†. Alternatively, Heaney could also be describing the excitement and joy people feel at the beginning of relationships and how it can deteriorate into something that is bitter and rotten. Heaney does this by describing how a fungus grows upon the berries that they had picked, making the â€Å"sweet flesh† of the berries turn sour. Similarly, in â€Å"Stealing Peas†, Gillian Clarke also uses nature as a basis for the narrative when she writes about two teenage lovers crawling in pea rows, stealing the peas and eating them. They crawl in the pea rows, slid the peas down their tongues. The girl asks, â€Å"Who d’you like best? and he replies with â€Å"You’re prettier. She’s funnier. † She writes, â€Å"I wish I hadn’t asked† indicating she regrets having asked. The implicit meaning of â€Å"Stealing Peas† is that a boy and a girl go to a field and have sex in the pea rows: â€Å"We crawled†, â€Å"slit the skins†, â€Å"with bitten nails†, â€Å"chutes of our tongues†-these each help to heighten the air of sexual tension in the second stanza, with the crawling as a way of remaining undetected; showing that what they are doing is perhaps forbidden and could get them in trouble, and this observation is reaffirmed by the mentioning of â€Å"stolen green light†. The use of the word â€Å"stolen† symbolises the loss of virginity or innocence, whilst the â€Å"green† showing the go ahead. The poet also describes how a â€Å"parky† shouted at a â€Å"child we could not see† which could either simply be another child in the field, or a child growing inside the girl- she has become pregnant, or lost her innocence. Heaney and Clarke both create strong feelings in their poems. In â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, Heaney conveys a sense of lust and greed for the berries using images of the children hurriedly filling cans with the berries, and by using words such as â€Å"ripen†, â€Å"flesh†, and â€Å"sticky†. These words have very sensual connotations and give the reader the impression that the poet was experiencing feelings of lust and greed at the time, and that the acts are forbidden. Heaney is also personifying the berries by referring to the â€Å"flesh† of the berries; perhaps showing that he felt feelings towards them that you would feel towards a person. Heaney and Clarkes’ poems are, to an extent, different in their form and layout. And though they both appear different, the poems are both similar in that they both focus more on the positive experiences, rather than the negative. â€Å"Blackberry Picking† is structured into two distinct stanzas with a sharp contrast between them. Heaney writes of the picking of the berries in the first stanza, introduces sexual themes, uses aural devices, and utilises similes and metaphors to create strong imagery. In the second stanza, he then moves on to talk about the how the berries are ruined- a â€Å"rat-grey† fungus, â€Å"glutting† on their â€Å"cache†. There is a notable difference between the two stanzas of â€Å"Blackberry Picking†. The first stanza is very long, describing the joy of the children as they go out collecting berries, but the second stanza, where Heaney talks about the fungus, is considerably shorter- it seems that Heaney is recalling the good part of the memory fondly, whilst quickly brushing over the bad. Unlike â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, Clarke has structured â€Å"Stealing Peas† into four stanzas. In the first stanza, Clarke sets the scene for the poem by describing the tide â€Å"far out†, the â€Å"warm evening† voices and the park â€Å"clipped privet†. In the second stanza the poet describes a boy, mentioning that he wore a â€Å"blue† shirt with an â€Å"Aertex† logo, and more sexual language is introduced: â€Å"filthy with syrups†, â€Å"grime of the town park†, â€Å"tendrils of my hair†. Filthy and grime suggesting the sensual, dirty, and perhaps forbidden acts that they are doing. There also is a notable difference between the four different stanzas of â€Å"Stealing Peas† in terms of length. The first stanza is very short, showing that Clarke is choosing not to remember her surroundings at the time so strongly, while the second stanza is much longer, indicating that the time spent with this boy, crawling in the pea rows together, meant more to her than any other part of the day, and that she herself has selected this part of the memory to stand out more vividly than any other. The third stanza is noticeably shorter, with her asking him â€Å"Who d’you like best? † The use of sound is important in both poems, and both poets use it to great effect. Techniques such as alliteration, onomatopoeia, and rhyme- the words â€Å"purple clot† and â€Å"hard as a knot†, â€Å"smelt of rot† and â€Å"knew they would not† in â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, are all strategically used to evoke images and create sounds by Heaney and Clarke. In â€Å"Blackberry Picking†, the use the letter p in â€Å"pricks, our palms† is short and sharp to emphasise the sharpness of the pricks from the blackberry thorns, b in â€Å"bleached our boots† and â€Å"berries in the byre† is very bubbly and bouncy, reflecting the children’s emotions as they set out on a journey of exploration, whilst the use of f in â€Å"filled we found fur† is also soft sounding- creeping in, similar to how the Heaney talks about how the â€Å"rat-grey fungus† seeps in and ruins the blackberries. Clarke also uses aural devices; alliteration with the use of the letter s in â€Å"slit the skins†, helping the reader to visualise the sounds created when the children, crawling through the rows, and stealing the pea pods, slit the skins open. The â€Å"s†, when said aloud, is a soft sound, but in the context of the stanza, creates a more sinister, hissing sound, as though the skins are being hastily ripped open in lust. Again, the use of the letter s in â€Å"slid the peas† helps the reader visualize– almost hear, the youths sliding the peas down the â€Å"chutes† of their tongues. Lastly, the use of onomatopoeia in â€Å"a lawn-mower murmured†, creates a very sexual feeling- perhaps from the boy, towards the girl. In conclusion, it can be seen that the two poems are alike in many ways such as they both recount childhood experiences that the poets regretted. What I found interesting was how Heaney and Clarke wrote the poems, spending more time describing the good experiences, rather than the unfortunate– in a way suggesting that the poets have selectively recorded these events in their minds.

Monday, January 6, 2020

Why Are There Problems Choosing Bible Translations

At some point in their studies, every student of biblical history runs into the same dilemma: With so many different translations of the Holy Bible available, which translation is best for historical study? Experts in biblical history will be quick to point out that no Bible translation should ever be regarded as definitive for historical study. Thats because by itself, the Bible is not a history book. Its a book of faith, written over four centuries by people with very different viewpoints and agendas. Thats not to say that the Bible contains no truths worthy of study. However, by itself, the Bible is not reliable as a single historical source. Its contributions must always be augmented by other documented sources. Is There One True Bible Translation? Many Christians today believe erroneously that the King James Version of the Bible is the true translation. The KJV, as its known, was created for King James I of England (James VI of Scotland) in 1604. For all the antique beauty of its Shakespearean English that many Christians equate with religious authority, the KJV is hardly the first nor the best translation of the Bible for historical purposes. As any translator will vouch, any time that thoughts, symbols, images, and cultural idioms (especially the last) are translated from one language to another, there is always some loss of meaning. Cultural metaphors do not translate easily; the mind map changes, no matter how hard one tries to maintain it. This is the conundrum of human social history; does culture shape language or does language shape culture? Or are the two so intertwined in human communication that its impossible to understand one without the other? When it comes to biblical history, consider the evolution of the Hebrew scriptures that Christians call the Old Testament. The books of the Hebrew Bible originally were written in ancient Hebrew and translated into Koine Greek, the commonly used language of the Mediterranean region from the time of Alexander the Great (4th century B.C.). The Hebrew scriptures are known as TANAKH, a Hebrew anagram that stands for Torah (the Law), Neviim (the Prophets) and Ketuvim (the Writings). Translating the Bible From Hebrew into Greek Around the 3rd century B.C., Alexandria, in Egypt, had become a scholarly center for Hellenistic Jews, that is, people who were Jewish by faith but had adopted many Greek cultural ways. During this period, the Egyptian ruler Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who reigned from 285-246 B.C., was reputed to have hired 72 Jewish scholars to create a Koine Greek (common Greek) translation of the TANAKH to be added to the Great Library of Alexandria. The translation that resulted is known as the Septuagint, a Greek word meaning 70. The Septuagint also is known by the Roman numerals LXX meaning 70 (L50, X10, therefore 50101070). This one example of translating Hebrew scripture points out the mountain that every serious student of biblical history must climb. To read scriptures in their original languages in order to trace biblical history, scholars must learn to read ancient Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and possibly Aramaic as well. Translation Problems Are More Than Just Language Problems Even with these language skills, theres no guarantee that todays scholars will accurately interpret the meaning of sacred texts, because they are still missing a key element: direct contact with and knowledge of the culture in which the language was used. In another example, the LXX began to lose favor beginning around the time of the Renaissance, as some scholars held that the translation had corrupted the original Hebrew texts. Whats more, remember that the Septuagint was only one of several regional translations that took place. Exiled Jews in Babylonian made their own translations, while Jews who remained in Jerusalem did the same. In each case, the translation was influenced by the commonly used language and culture of the translator. All of these variables can seem daunting to the point of despair. With so many uncertainties, how can one choose which Bible translation is best for historical study? Most amateur students of biblical history can start with any credible translation that they can comprehend, as long as they also understand that no translation of the Bible should be used as a sole historical authority. In fact, part of the fun of studying biblical history is reading many translations to see how different scholars interpret the texts. Such comparisons can be more easily accomplished by the use of a parallel Bible that includes several translations. Part II: Recommended Bible Translations for Historical Study. Resources Translating for King James, translated by Ward Allen; Vanderbilt University Press: 1994; ISBN-10: 0826512461, ISBN-13: 978-0826512468. In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture by Alister McGrath; Anchor: 2002; ISBN-10: 0385722168, ISBN-13: 978-0385722162 The Poetics of Ascent: Theories of Language in a Rabbinic Ascent Text by Naomi Janowitz; State University of New York Press: 1988; ISBN-10: 0887066372, ISBN-13: 978-0887066375 The Contemporary Parallel New Testament: 8 Translations: King James, New American Standard, New Century, Contemporary English, New International, New Living, New King James, The Message, edited by John R. Kohlenberger; Oxford University Press: 1998; ISBN-10: 0195281365, ISBN-13: 978-0195281361 Excavating Jesus: Behind the Stones, Beneath the Texts, by John Dominic Crossan and Jonathan L. Reed; HarperOne: 2001; ISBN: 978-0-06-0616